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, Germany had a railway network of 41,315 km of which 34,211 km belonged to the national railway and 19,857 km were electrified, 18,201 km with double track.〔http://ilcad.uic.org/IMG/pdf/synopsis_2014.pdf〕 The total track length was 76,473 km. Germany is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Germany is 80. ==Overview== Deutsche Bahn and ca. 1500 private railway companies operate a total of 23,496 powered rail vehicles:〔Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Fachserie 8, Reihe 2.1: Verkehr, Eisenbahnverkehr/Betriebsdaten des Schienenverkehrs 2006〕 In 2006, railways in Germany carried ca. 119,968,000 passengers on long-distance trains (at an average distance of 288 km), and 2,091,828,000 passengers on short-distance trains (21 km on average). In the same year they carried 346,118,000 tonnes of goods at an average distance of 309 km.〔Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Fachserie 8, Reihe 2: Verkehr, Eisenbahnverkehr 2006〕 Deutsche Bahn (state-owned private company) is the main provider of railway service. In recent years a number of competitors have started business. They mostly offer state-subsidized regional services, but some, like Veolia Verkehr offer long-distance services as well. *Deutsche Bahn – long distance trains * *Intercity-Express – high speed train, largely national but some routes to the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, France and Denmark * *EuroCity – international long-distance trains * *Intercity – national long-distance trains * *EuroNight – international night trains * *DB NachtZug – national and international night trains * *UrlaubsExpress – national night trains to the Alps and the Baltic Sea during vacation times InterRegio services, introduced in 1988 to replace the former Schnellzug and Intercity, were abolished in 2003. Deutsche Bahn is gradually increasing the percentage of InterCityExpress services, and downgrading the remaining InterCity services to the role formerly played by InterRegio. *Veolia Verkehr – offers services on certain former Interregio routes * *Interconnex * *Harz-Berlin-Express * *Ostseeland Express *Thalys – high-speed services to Belgium and France, using modified French TGV trains *Cisalpino – to Italy, service discontinued mid-December 2006 *Regional rail and local rail traffic is organised and subsidised (as the fares usually do not cover the running costs) by the federal states. Usual procedure under EU legislation is to award the contract to the lowest bid by means of a tender procedure. The respective states are free to announce short- or long-term contracts as well as to stipulate further conditions e.g. on rolling stock. In recent years, many bids were won by private rail companies like NordWestBahn or Arriva, although some states have awarded long-term contracts to local DB Regio subsidiaries. The train types for regional and local traffic are: * *Regional-Express and Interregio-Express – medium-distance semi-fast trains for regional services * *Regionalbahn – basic local service, usually calling at all stations * *S-Bahn – suburban rail services mostly provided by Deutsche Bahn * *U-Bahn – underground train services provided by the various cities' transport bodies (not Deutsche Bahn) * *Tram/light rail services; in a few major cities these run underground in the city centre (often called ''"Stadtbahn"'', especially if they have been upgraded to railway standards) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rail transport in Germany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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